Alfred Binet
Alfred Binet was a French psychologist who invented the first practical intelligence test, the Binet-Simon scale. His principal goal was to identify students who needed special help in coping with the school curriculum. This test was created to eliminate bias in French schooling. The goal was to asses each child's mental age, the level of performance associated with their chronological age. Through their findings they determined what items would predict how well children would do in school.
Lewis Terman
Terman, adapting Binet's original test to create the Stanford-Binet test encouraged the widespread testing of intelligence in order to take account the widespread inequalities of children. Terman believed that intelligence was hereditary and supported eugenics. He helped the U.S government to test immigrants on a test that was culturally based.